AP12_ReadingList

= = = = ||~ 1st 9 weeks novels: ||
 * ** Copy and paste the following table into the Wiki. **
 * ** Complete the table by copy and paste from your typed LAB report. **
 * * **Student name** ||  ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** ||  ||
 * * **Author background** ||  ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** ||  ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** ||  ||
 * * **Plot summary** ||  ||
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** ||  ||
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** ||  ||
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** ||  ||
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** ||  ||
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** ||  ||
 * * **Theme** ||  ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** ||  ||
 * * **Conflicts** ||  ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) ||  ||
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) ||  ||
 * * **Important quotes** ||  ||
 * * **Significance of title** ||  ||
 * ~ =__1st 9 weeks novels:__=
 * * **Student Name** || Kaitlyn Mangus ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** || //The Color Purple// by Alice Walker ||
 * * **Author background** || Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She grew up in a poor family; Walker’s mother worked as a maid to raise her eight children. As a young girl, Walker was shot in the eye with a BB gun while playing with her brothers. After this accident, she became self-conscious of the scar it had left. She isolated herself from other children by focusing on reading and writing. This diverted her attention away from her disfigurement. Walker started her college education at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, and then continued her education at Sarah Lawrence College in New York. While she was in college, she was active in the Civil Rights Movement. She also took the chance to study abroad in Africa. After college, Alice Walker continued her involvement in the Civil Rights movement and worked as a social worker, teacher, and lecturer. Alice Walker’s passion for writing remained throughout her life. She wrote short stories, poetry, a children’s book, and novels. Her writing career flourished when she wrote her third novel in 1982 titled //The Color Purple.// Alice is still an activist and a prominent writer today. ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** || This novel is realistic fiction. This type of fiction involves scenarios that have not actually happened, but are practical and seem real. ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** || This novel was written in the early 1980s. In the previous decade, the Civil Rights Movement had come to an end. The issue of equal rights for women was a highly debated political topic. //The Color Purple// was influenced by the idea that African Americans were not viewed as equal to Caucasians. It was also influenced by the domination of women by men. This novel incorporates both of these influences by elaborating on the concept that African American women were not only suppressed by Caucasians, but also by the African American men in their lives. At this time, African American women were inferior to essentially all other people. ||
 * * **Plot summary** || A poor, uneducated teenager from the South named Celie is repeatedly sexually, physically, and mentally abused by her father. To vent her feelings, she writes letters to God. She gets pregnant twice from her father, who takes the babies from Celie almost immediately after they are born. Celie feels she must protect her younger, prettier, and smarter sister, Nettie, from having to go through the same abuse, so she pushes Nettie to marry a man who asks for her hand in marriage known as Mr. . Their father refuses to let Nettie marry Mr. _, and instead offers Celie to him. Mr. _ accepts this offer so that he can have a mother for his four children. Their father starts to advance on Nettie, so she runs away and tells Celie that she promises to write unless she dies. Celie does not receive a letter for a very long time, assuming that Nettie has died.

Mr. _ has a lover named Shug Avery, who becomes ill during a tour as a blues singer. She takes refuge in Mr. ’s house. Celie immediately idolizes her. Celie and Shug become very close as they slowly realize their similarities in opinions and they start to feel sympathy for each other’s pasts. Shug teaches Celie to become a strong independent woman and to stand up for herself. Most importantly, Shug taught her how to love. Throughout Shug and Celie’s friendship, Shug lets Celie down on multiple occasions by running off to sing somewhere far away or has become involved in a relationship with a man.

Eventually, Celie finds out that Mr. _ has been hiding letters from Nettie, who is actually alive, taking care of Celie’s children that had been adopted by a missionary family in Africa. Celie also finds out that the man she formerly knew as her father, was in fact not her biological father. He later dies. The large house he built on land left to Nettie and Celie by their late mother’s will becomes their property. Celie moves in and realizes she is an independent, self-sufficient woman. Celie and Nettie are finally reunited after Nettie returns home from Africa. || characters because they are veiled through the main character’s eyes. The novel is presented in both the past and present tense because it is written in letter form, therefore it recalls past events as well as describes current events. ||
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || This novel is written in first person point ofview by two characters. //The Color Purple// is written in an epistolary fashion, meaning it is composed entirely of letters. The majority of the letters are written by the main character, Celie, either to God or to her sister, Nettie. Some of the letters are also written by Nettie to Celie. The advantage to this point of view is it allows the readers to really comprehend the thoughts and feelings of these two characters. Also it reflects their views on scenarios that occur in the novel. The disadvantage is it makes it very difficult for the readers to receive a clear picture of the other
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || Celie – She is the main character. She is a poor, uneducated woman from the South. She feels worthless. Celie is repeatedly sexually, physically, and mentally abused by her father as a teenager. To vent her feelings, she writes letters to God and her younger sister, Nettie. Throughout the novel, she grows into an independent, confident woman. She is a round character.

Nettie – She is Celie’s pretty, younger sister, who Celie always tries to protect. She is very bright as a child. Nettie runs away from their abusive father and starts missionary work in Africa with a family that has adopted Celie’s children. She continually writes letters to Celie although Celie is not receiving them. She is a round character.

Mr. ___ - He is also known as Albert. He is the husband of Celie. He treats Celie as if she is worthless. Albert physically and emotionally abuses her. He loves Shug Avery, although he cannot be with her. Albert hides Nettie’s letters for years from Celie, causing Celie to go into a depression state. He is a round character.

Shug Avery – Shug is Albert’s mistress. She is a blue’s singer that frequently travels. Shug is also very sexual, making her unable to keep a steady relationship. She is very unpredictable. She plays the roles of a motherly figure and also a lover to Celie. Shug teaches Celie to become a strong independent woman and to stand up for herself. She is a round character.

The most important minor character is Pa, Celie and Nettie’s stepfather. His real name is Alphonso. Throughout most of the novel, Celie and Nettie believe that Alphonso is their biological father, but later learn that their real father died many years ago. Alphonso rapes Celie repeatedly, causing her to have emotional and spiritual damage. Because of his actions, Celie feels ugly and worthless, and she feels the need to connect to God through a series of letters. Nettie also runs away due to Alphonso’s advances, communicating to her sister only through letters. If it were not for this character, all of the letters making up the novel would never have been written. ||
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || Location: The location is rural Georgia.

Time Period: The novel takes place over a span of approximately thirty years previous to the Civil Rights Movement.

Political/Social Climate: There was a domination of women by men. Also, African Americans were viewed as inferior.

Atmosphere created by the setting: The atmosphere is depressing due to the hostile events that take place, such as the rape and the physical abuse.

Importance of the setting: The setting is important because it takes place in the South, and during this time period, segregation and prejudice was widely spread in the Southern states. Hence, the theme of prejudice is greatly emphasized throughout the novel. ||
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** || Opening: Celie introduces herself to God (and also the readers). Her mother is ill and while she is away at a doctor’s appointment, Celie’s father rapes her at home. **(End of Letter 1)**

Closing: Celie and all of her family and friends are having a reunion on the porch of her large house. She has never been so happy before. || ~”For the first time in my life I wanted to see Pa. So me and Shug dress up in our new blue flower pants…” (Walker 184).
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || Pants – The pants Celie makes become a symbol for the independence she feels. As she continues to make more pants, it symbolizes the flourishing of independent women. When Celie wears pants, she feels more confident and like she can conquer anything.

The phrase “get big”- This phrase is used many times throughout the novel to mean “become pregnant”. The word “big” has a negative connotation. To Celie and the women at her church, it is a shame to become pregnant before marriage. ~ “[Miss Beasley] say long as she been a teacher she never know nobody want to learn bas as Nettie and me. But when Pa call me out and she see how tight my dress is, she stop talking and go” (Walker 11).

Colors – Colors symbolize emotions throughout the novel. Bright colors represent happiness and individual strength. The dark colors represent the depression the characters have been in. When Albert’s sister takes Celie shopping for fabric for a new dress, they must pick a dark color, representing the Albert’s oppression. ~ “Plenty red but she say Naw, he won’t want to pay for red. Too happy looking. We got choice of brown, maroon, or navy blue” (Walker 22). ||
 * * **Theme** || Central Theme: A person’s gender does not necessarily determine their role in society.

Secondary Themes: -Strong female relationships give courage and strength to women. -Race should not determine the relationship between two people.

The author is trying to tell the readers that human nature and the world around us is full of discriminations against a multitude of stereotypes. These discriminations should not hold one back from trying to pursue his or her dreams. ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** || Style: The author’s writing style uses predictability of structure. Since each section of the book is a letter, the novel contains repetitive structure. The style is also circular, meaning many separations and reunions occur. For example, Nettie and Celie become separated at the beginning of the novel but reunite at the end. The author also uses dialect throughout the entire novel. This is the typical dialect for uneducated African Americans in the South during the novel’s time period. For example, Celie says, “Us both be hitting Nettie’s school books pretty hard, cause us know we got to be smart to git away” (Walker 10). Not only does this quote use the author’s dialect style, but it also represents the author’s common use of irony. Celie claims they are becoming smart, but her grammar is very incorrect.

Tone: The tone is depressing due to the hostile events that take place, such as the rape and the physical abuse. || The author also uses symbols and motifs to represent to the readers the themes of the novel. The themes are also used to keep the plot moving in the right direction. ||
 * * **Conflicts** || There are many conflicts in this novel, including external and internal conflicts. Most of the external conflicts deal with the abuse of women by the men in their lives and the rape of Celie by her stepfather. The internal conflicts are the fights the characters have within themselves to see their self-worth. ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) || The author’s writing style uses predictability of structure. Since each section of the book is a letter, the novel contains repetitive structure. The style is also circular, meaning many separations and reunions occur. For example, Nettie and Celie become separated at the beginning of the novel but reunite at the end. The author also uses dialect throughout the entire novel. This is the typical dialect for uneducated African Americans in the South during the novel’s time period. For example, Celie says, “Us both be hitting Nettie’s school books pretty hard, cause us know we got to be smart to git away” (Walker 10). Not only does this quote use the author’s dialect style, but it also represents the author’s common use of irony. Celie claims they are becoming smart, but her grammar is very incorrect.
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) || Alice Walker uses the plot, theme, tone, similies, metaphors, and imagery to establish her novel as a classic. Her use of these literary devices establishes a vivid and descriptive novel to her readers. ||
 * * **Important quotes** || “Harpo say, “I love you, Squeak. He kneel down and try to put his arms round her waist. She stand up. My name Mary Agnes, she say” (Walker 102).

-Celie says this in one of her letters to God. Previous to this quote, Mary Agnes went to see the prison warden to help Sofia get out of jail. Tragically, she was raped by him.

-Significance of the quote: This shows that Squeak is not defeated just because she has been raped. Squeak is showing that she can control her own situation and that she will not let any man, including her husband, belittle her ever again. This is representing the theme of the search for gender equality.

“We are not white. We are not Europeans. We are black like the Africans themselves. And that we and the Africans will be working for a common goal: the uplift of black people everywhere” (Walker 143).

-Nettie says this in one of her letters to Celie. Previous to this quote, the missionary family is trying to receive money from a church in Harlem. She has decided that she and this family are the best people to do missionary work in Africa.

- Significance of the quote: This quote reflects the idea that everyone of a certain stereotype must stick together and push past barriers made by society. This quote is empowering to Celie. It also shows the thoughts the author had toward the Civil Rights Movement.

“Oh, Celie, there are colored people in the world who want us to know! Want us to grow and see the light! They are not all mean like Pa and Albert or beaten down like Ma was” (Walker 138).

- Nettie says this in one of her letters to Celie. Previous to this quote, Nettie describes to Celie the generosity of the missionary family. They have asked her to go on their trip with them to Africa.

- Significance of the quote: First, this quote shows that Nettie has been exposed to the positive outlook many people have on life. Nettie is also giving Celie hope that there are good people in the world that could possible care about Celie instead of bringing her down constantly. Shortly after reading this letter, Celie decides to become independent and wants to get away from Albert.

“Oh, Cellie, unbelief is a terrible thing. And so is the hurt he cause others unknowingly” (Walker 191).

-Nettie says this in one of her letters to Celie. Previously to this quote, Nettie tried to explain to the adoptive mother of Celie’s children who she is, but the mother would not listen. Nettie realizes this is hurting the mother.

- Significance of the quote: Nettie tends to have a wise outlook on multiple aspects of life. She realizes that some emotional damage is not done on purpose, and she realizes forgiveness must occur. This quote helps to develop Celie’s character by giving her the opportunity to recognize that forgiveness must be an option. She uses this concept when she forgives Shug and Albert.

“But I don’t think us feel old at all. And us so happy. Matter of fact, I think this the youngest us ever felt” (Walker 295).

-These are the last lines of the novel. They are said by Celie in her final letter to God. Her sister and her children have just returned home. Celie has never been so happy in her life.

- Significance of the quote: Celie had finally found joy and inner peace. When Celie was growing up, she was always forced to accept the wrongdoings that happened to her. Celie never really had a childhood. Now that she is free at last and happy, she is getting the carefree feelings of a young girl. ||
 * * **Significance of title** || The title, The Color Purple, symbolizes many phases of the novel. First, purple represents violence. The bruises Celie gets many times from being abused and raped are the color of eggplant and other shades of purple. Purple is also representative of Celie’s transformation. To her, purple represents worth and royalty. In the beginning of the story she does not buy purple fabric because she feels she is not worthy enough. At the end of the novel, Celie accepts that she is someone special and paints her bedroom purple. Most importantly, the meaning of The Color Purple conveys that Celie could never appreciate the beauty in life. While having a conversation about God, Shug tells Celie how she views Him by saying, “Not vain, just wanting to share a good thing. I think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and don’t notice it” (Walker 203). Shug points out that you must look at the good and beauty in life. Celie acknowledges this, and she has a better outlook and appreciates the little things in life. ||

-Mr. Rochester: Mr. Rochester is a very serious man that has a stern look about him. He can seem extremely unsociable at times and hard to get along with. Mr. Rochester also comes off as stubborn and unlovable. To most eyes Mr. Rochester is an ugly man and even Jane would agree, however, he is also very intelligent. He is a round character because things are being revealed about him throughout the novel and the reader is constantly growing understanding of Mr. Rochester. -Mrs. Reed: Mrs. Reed is Jane’s adopted mother. She is a very mean, hateful woman toward Jane and sends her off to boarding school. She contacts Jane again right before she dies to try to settle their past. She is a round character because she turns around in the end and does something the reader would never expect. -Mr. Brocklehurst: Mr. Brocklehurst owns and runs the boarding school, Lowood Institute, for orphaned girls. This school is a very harsh place to live and is very unwelcoming. Mr. Brocklehurst believes he is a very pious man, when in fact he is just harsh. Mr. Brocklehurst is a flat character because he does not change throughout the novel. He stays the same strict, harsh, and unpleasant man. -Bertha Mason: Bertha is Mr. Rochester’s crazy wife. She is kept in a locked room and nobody knows about her until Jane and Mr. Rochester try to get married. She ends up trying to kill everyone at one point and commits suicide. Bertha is a flat character because she does not change at all through the novel. -Adele: Adele is in the care of Mr. Rochester after her mother, Mr. Rochester’s mistress, died. She is a lively little French girl that falls in love with Jane very easily. She is a flat character because she does not really change in the novel. She stays her bubbly self. ||
 * Student Name || Book Title ||
 * Mikayla || Jane Eyre ||
 * **Student name** || **Rebecca Boned** ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** || Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte ||
 * * **Author background** || Charlotte Brontë was born April 21, 1816 in Thornton, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom. She died on March 31, 1855 in Haworth, United Kingdom at the age of thirty nine. At a very young age she was exposed to depressing circumstances, such as the death of Brontë’s mother and two sisters all within a couple years. Brontë’s life soon became a mix of bouncing between boarding schools and home in Haworth. When she became of age Brontë started working as a governess for wealthy families, but that too became a juggling act between home and work. Brontë eventually married a man she did not love and died of pneumonia while expecting her first child. Brontë wrote under the pseudonym, Currer Bell. ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** || The genre of //Jane Eyre// is gothic fiction. The novel combines love and hope with darkness, mystery, and supernatural forces. Gothic fiction has many different dark elements in it such as death, misanthropic buildings, and secrets. All of these elements can be found throughout the novel. ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** || Brontë had lived a dreary life that included boarding schools and death; it is plausible that many of the experiences in //Jane Eyre// are personal experiences tweaked to fit the novel. //Jane Eyre// was written during the Victorian age of England and it was a new industrial time. The change is social, economic, and politics helped inspire Brontë to tell about that specific period in history. ||
 * * **Plot summary** || Jane Eyre is a young girl when the story opens. She was orphaned at the age of one and adopted by her late uncle. Her uncle’s wife, Mrs. Reed, was forced to promise to love Jane as her own upon Mr. Reed’s death. Mrs. Reed despised Jane and eventually sent her away to a boarding school called Lowood ran by Mr. Brocklehurst. Lowood was an extremely depressing school where the children were given the bare minimum to survive. Often times their food and clothing were very inadequate. After spending eight years at the school, two as a teacher, Jane decides to become a governess at a wealthy home, Thornfield. Mr. Rochester, the owner of Thornfield, is a dark and mysterious man that Jane does not interact with often. He is guardian of a little French girl named Adela. Jane easily learns to love and care for Adela, while also growing feelings for Mr. Rochester. It is soon discovered that Jane and Mr. Rochester’s feelings are mutual and they decide to marry. While standing at the altar, it is announced that Mr. Rochester is already married to a living women named Bertha Mason. Mr. Rochester explains that Bertha is mad women and locked up in the attic with a nurse to look after her. Jane, however, has very high morals and refuses to marry Mr. Rochester upon this discovery. Jane sneaks away in the night and ends up half-starved on the door step of the Moor House where the Rivers siblings live. They allow her to come in and nurse her back to health. The son, St. John, sets Jane up as a school teacher and eventually tries to marry her. Jane denies because she still loves Mr. Rochester. While all this is occurring St. John discovers Jane’s real identity and that she is the River’s long lost cousin and heir to the family fortune. Jane is elated by the discovery and welcomes having family with open arms. Jane eventually works up enough courage to go meet Mr. Rochester, but upon her arrival she discovers Thornfield in ruins. The house has collapsed and been burned. Jane asked around the town and finds out the Bertha escaped from her room and caught the home on fire. Bertha ends up committing suicide by jumping off the roof. Mr. Rochester helped everyone get out and tried to save Bertha, but the house collapsed on him. When he was pulled from the rubble he was badly burned. Mr. Rochester lost his sight and one hand, along with his self-pride. When Jane hears about this she finds his new home and eventually meets him. They fall in love all over again and end up married with a son. ||
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || //Jane Eyre// is in first person point of view. Jane is remembering the story and telling it back to the reader. The limitation of this point of view is that the reader only knows the main characters thoughts and opinions. This can create a biased story that leaves the reader wondering what is actually occurring in other character’s minds. Everything in the novel is one sided and that does not allow the reader to form an opinion of the situations because the reader only knows one side to every story. ||
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || -Jane Eyre: The main character and narrator of //Jane Eyre//. She starts as a young, hated orphan and turns into a governess and married. Jane is a round character because at first the reader will assume Jane is more of a wall flower than the center of attention. The more the story develops the more the reader can see Jane as a very strong character that has many depths. The reader watches Jane grow throughout the story from adolescents, to adult hood, to ending in motherhood. The reader also watches Jane grow in self-worth.
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || -Jane Eyre: The main character and narrator of //Jane Eyre//. She starts as a young, hated orphan and turns into a governess and married. Jane is a round character because at first the reader will assume Jane is more of a wall flower than the center of attention. The more the story develops the more the reader can see Jane as a very strong character that has many depths. The reader watches Jane grow throughout the story from adolescents, to adult hood, to ending in motherhood. The reader also watches Jane grow in self-worth.
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || //Jane Eyre// takes place sometime is the late eighteen hundreds around Midwest England. There are never specific, real towns, but there are always names to the places Jane goes. Although there are not real towns, since Brontë uses names for all the locations it makes the reader get a sense of reality. It is easy for Jane to bounce from one place to the next in a realistic manner. ||
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** || The opening scene of //Jane Eyre// is Jane being physically and mentally abused by her adoptive family. The scene shows how awful Jane's life has been living there. The closing scene is Jane talking about her life now. She has a son and is happily married. Jane also discusses the fate of her adoptive family and all of them were going through trials and having life problems. ||
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || The chestnut tree that Mr. Rochester proposes to Jane under is symbolic and also foreshadows uncertainty in the relationship. When Mr. Rochester first proposes, everything is beautiful, however, a huge storm hits and the chestnut tree is “struck by lightning in the night, and half of it split away” (281). The tree represents their relationship and the storm is symbolic for the storms Jane and Mr. Rochester will face in their relationship. When the tree cracks it is symbolic and foreshadowing that they too will crack and split.

Jane’s name is also symbolic for the type of person she will be. Plain Jane is a common saying that represents Jane in her own eyes and what others think of Jane. Her nurse even said "Yes," responded Abbot, "if she were a nice, pretty child, one might compassionate her forlornness; but one really cannot care for such a little toad as that." Jane thinks she is someone unworthy of anything spectacular, however other characters see value in her. When Mr. Rochester tries to pour lavish gifts on Jane she denies the attention and leans towards simpler items. || Conflict is also a major device Bronte used through the novel. Jane has to constantly over come adversaries to achieve her goal. Whether Jane's conflicts be internal or external there is always something she is overcoming to better her future || -“Poverty looks grim to grown people; still more so to children; they have not much idea of industrious, working, respectable poverty; they think of the word only as connected with ragged clothes, scanty food, fireless grates, rude manners, and debasing vices. Poverty for me was synonymous with the degradation” (Brontë 20). Jane is explaining that some people’s poverty is based on personal objects and earthly possessions. Jane’s idea of poverty is being degraded by anyone. To Jane that is the worst thing that can happen to her. -“Still indomitable was the reply- ‘I care for myself’” (Brontë349). At this point in the novel Jane realizes she has to do what is right by the morals she lives under, instead of following her heart. This is the point when Jane realizes she can only protect herself. -“We know that God is everywhere; but certainly we feel His presence most when His works are on the grandest scale spread before us: and it is the unclouded night sky, where His worlds wheel their silent course, that we read clearest His infinitude, His omnipotence” (Brontë 357). Jane has strong morals and a deep faith. This point in the novel is when she leans on her morals to help her through leaving Mr. Rochester. The decision to turn away from love in order for Jane to obtain her faith is extremely difficult on Jane. -“No; I know I should think well of myself; but that is not enough: if others don’t love me, I would rather die than live-I cannot bear to be solitary and hated, Helen” (Brontë 71). At this point Jane is showing how much she desires to please people. Jane wants to be accepted just like every child does. It is worst to Jane to be unloved and she would rather die. Children need love and it is natural for them to crave it. || Terry Ryan || Leo Ryan. She went on to college and received a degree in language. Before her degree, Terry worked at an insurance company as a copier (The Prize). It is important to know that her father was a drunkard. Also, the community and nation had just recently gotten over the Great Depression. The nation was very interested in contesting at this point of time. The book has been accept well by critics as a real life experience and look at the hidden house wife’s life in the 1950s and 1960s (Ryan). || biography. It holds the characteristics of biography as it covers Terry’s life from early childhood to later in her life. Also, it contains direct quotes and tells of quite a few things that actually happen to the Ryan family. || the novel because it explains why the Ryan’s are low in their economic means. It helps show the theme that even when things seem hopeless, there is still hope to be found. || evening and a hard-working man during the day. Evelyn Ryan, Terry’s mother, has to raise all ten of her children basically on her own. Evelyn enters many contests in order to win many items. Her family is in a dilemma, when they lose their home. In order to find a new home and pay for it, Evelyn wins a major prize in a contest. All the major appliances in the Ryan home, Evelyn had won. The oldest Ryan children leave the home and need some help. Evelyn wins many this for these children. Another great thing was in store for the Ryan family. Aunt Lucy, Leo’s older sister, helped the family out every week and helps keep them afloat most weeks. Leo gets very drunk quite a few times and takes things out of hand. He attacks his wife two times. The first time the children did not do anything but the second time they attacked Leo in order to protect their mother. The Ryan’s get word that they are going to lose their house if they do not pay the second mortgage that was taken out of the house within a month. A miracle happened just at the moment they needed it most: they won their biggest contest yet, with just enough money in order to pay for the house. || narrator. What Terry achieves in writing this way, is the reader can her thoughts, feelings and actions of everything that happens to the Ryan family. This novel is presented in past tense. The limitations of this novel being written in first person limited is that if any of the other characters felt differently about an event, the reader does not get to experience it. On the other hand, an advantage is the readers get to know all of Terry Ryan’s feelings towards everything. || b. Aunt Lucy: Aunt Lucy is Leo’s older sister. She was very helpful towards the Ryan family. She would buy the family food and also paid for Lea Anne’s wedding. Aunt Lucy is important because of her gratitude towards her brother’s family and in helping them at some points that their situation seemed impossible. i. Minor Characters: The Ryan children: the children added to their mother’s contesting. Evelyn wanted to give her children the best life she could offer them and she felt by enter contest that was how she was supplying them with what they needed. The Ryan children were at their mother’s aid when they thought their father was going to hurt their mother. ii. Pokey: Pokey was the mail man to the Ryan’s. He is important because he was the one who delivered all the letters that announced all the winning contests. 2. Dynamic characters- Evelyn Ryan is a dynamic character in //The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio.// Evelyn begins the novel as a wife who does not want conflict with her husband, and is therefore laid back. However, she changes and decided it was best to not sit back any more, but to protect her children. The text says, “If you ever even think of hitting him again, Kelly, I’m calling the police! (Ryan 247) || 1960s in the small town of Defiance, Ohio. The social climate of this time period is that women should be at home cleaning, cooking and taking care. Similarity, the political climate is that the men hold complete control of the government and the household. The atmosphere the reader gets from the setting is peaceful. The reader should get the feeling of a peaceful little town, with very little trouble going around. The setting of this novel is really not that important. The novel is about prize winning, but the setting sets up a time period when families were struggling. || The closing scene of this novel is the Ryan's receiving their last prize with happens to be the biggest prize, the trip to Switzerland, the money watches and a car. this is important because it saved their house and shows that they are going to be alright and that all the contesting was paying off. || b. Evelyn’s winning: Evelyn won a lot of prizes by entering contests. These winnings symbolize hope. The text says, “Mom! That has to be our prizes. It’s almost the exact amount we need” (315). These winnings symbolize hope because at this moment and many others, it gives the family hope that everything is going to be alright in the end. || shout. ‘You’re better than any of them! You stand here day after day and-‘” (254). This is a serious moment at which Terry Ryan is very upset by the things going on around her. On the other hand, the text say, “With that, she hung up the phone, and an explosion of cheers and laughter filled the house” (324). The Ryan’s had just won the major prize saving their house. By switching between her styles, she cause the reader to feel with the events and notice how the characters react. There is quite a bit of foreshadowing, being every time the Ryan’s were in a really tough situation, the reader could assume they were going to win big. There was also figurative language such as, “Mom was like a catcher diving for a foul ball-just because she missed one didn’t keep her from going after the next one” (50). || 3. Evelyn Ryan, page 247; “’If you even think of hitting him again, Kelly, I’m calling the police.’” Bruce, one of Ryan children, and Leo start contesting for free gas. When one of them wins it, with someone else’s name, Leo and Bruce fight over who actually gets the gas. Leo pushes Bruce down saying that Bruce was a liar. Evelyn sticks up for her child and shows Leo that she is done letting her husband hurt their children in any way. 4. Terry Ryan, page 50; “Honestly like this, even in a small Midwestern town like Defiance, was extraordinary.” Terry Ryan has lost the families house and car insurance money. However, someone found that money and called to tell the Ryan’s they had found it. It shows that there are were still honest people in the world even when times were bad for a lot of families. The Ryan’s did not expect to find their money, but were proven wrong by one women’s honesty. 5. Terry Ryan, page 37; “With our mother, we began to suspect that we had a direct line with God.” The Ryan’s were told they were being kicked out of their home and needed to find a new one. In order to pay for this new home, Mrs. Ryan filled out many contest entries. At just the nick of time, the Ryan’s won enough money to get their new home. || =__**2nd 9 weeks Novels:**__= __**Copy and paste the new table below.**__
 * * **Theme** || One of the many themes in //Jane Eyre// is, do not judge a book by its cover. Jane, for example, is described as a very plain woman that is not pretty. She, however, is beautiful on the inside and the reader discovers Jane’s many talents throughout the novel. Mr. Rochester also discovers these qualities about Jane and falls madly in love with them. Mr. Rochester is also considered an ugly man with harsh features; however the reader learns he is a very intelligent bold man. Mr. Rochester can be considered a hero in this novel when he runs inside his burning house to get all the servants out. He risked his own life to make sure everybody else was okay and Mr. Rochester lost an arm and his eyesight over his heroic act. Brontë also proves this theme because all the people in the book considered attractive have horrible characteristics. For example, all the beautiful young women chasing Mr. Rochester are not intelligent and leave him once they discover he could possibly lose all his money. The appearances are inverted on the characteristics of a character throughout the novel. ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** || Brontë uses long, complex sentences to get a simple point across. At times Brontë is too bombast in her writing, but lavish sentence structure was common for the Victorian time period. Brontë writes “At the close of the afternoon service we returned by an exposed and hilly road, where the bitter winter wind, blowing over a range of snowy summits to the north, almost flayed the skin from our faces” (Brontë 61). Bronte says all that just to explain it is extremely cold and their faces were getting a little frost bite. ||
 * * **Conflicts** || Jane faces many conflicts throughout the novel. The first is when her aunt decides to send her off to boarding school. Jane must overcome the depressing atmosphere and make a life for herself. Jane also must battle an internal conflict when she discovers Mr.Rochester has an insane wife. Jane must decide between self worth and love. Another internal conflict Jane battles is when St. John proposes to Jane. She feels like it would be best, but Jane cannot forget Mr. Rochester. ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) || Characterization is a major literary devices used throughout the novel. Bronte introduces a character, then the reader gets to know the character, and finally the character voices their opinion and the climax ends.
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) || Bronte uses mood a lot in the //Jane Eyre// novel. Mood plays a large role in gothic novels. There is a sense of mystery and suspense in the novel that creates a dark mood. The reader can pick up the mood from Jane's cynical attitude in the beginning of the novel. Moral also plays a large role in this novel. Jane's morals are what keeps the novel going and the climax on the rise. ||
 * * **Important quotes** || -“I scarcely knew what school was; Bessie sometimes spoke of it as a place where young ladies sat in the stocks, wore blackboards, and were expected to be exceedingly genteel and precise” (Brontë 21). This shows the expectation of girls in the Victorian age. The young girls were taught to be proper young women that hardly made mistakes.
 * * **Significance of title** || Jane Eyre is the title, but it is also the name of the main character. The title reveals to the reader that Jane will be the subject of the novel and from the beginning the reader can infer Jane is telling the story. The way the novel is set up Jane is talking to the reader about her life. In the end Jane says “Reader, I married him” (Brontë 497). Jane addresses the reader and makes the novel seem more realistic. The title Jane Eyre reveals the type of girl Jane will be. The old saying plain Jane describes the way Jane sees herself. The reader can infer that Jane will be a more conservative character that likes to be in the background ||  ||
 * **Student name** || Alyssa ||
 * **Novel title**
 * Author** || //The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio:// How //My Mother Raised 10 Kids on 25 Words or Less//
 * **Author background** || Author Background-Terry Ryan was born on July14, 1946 and died on May 16, 2007. She was the sixth child of ten to Evelyn and
 * **Genre** **Evidence of genre characteristics** || The genre of //The////Prize Winner of Defiance,// //Ohio// is
 * **Historical context - influence on theme** || This novel is written in the Great Depressionera. This family’s story begins right after the Great Depression. This affects
 * **Plot summary** || Terry Ryan writes of her mother’s experiences ofhow she kept her family afloat. Leo Ryan, Terry’s father, is a drunkard in the
 * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || The point of view of Terry Ryan’s //The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio// isfirst person limited. The whole novel is told by Terry Ryan, with no shifts in
 * **Character lists and descriptions** || Evelyn Ryan: As the mother of ten children, she takes on most of the responsibilities of the family. She is about five foot six inches and a very loving mother. She is the reason her family stays afloat all the years of her husband’s drinking. Evelyn protected her children and did everything in her power to make sure they had a good life. Her level of importance in this novel is very high because she is who the whole novel is about. The book is about all her winnings and how she was able to raise her family the way she did. Evelyn Ryan is a round character, where as she changes and takes charge of her family and the protection of her children. a. Leo Ryan: Leo is the father of the ten Ryan children and married to Evelyn Ryan. He was a drunkard man and at points he became abusive towards his children and wife. Before he had a nervous breakdown, he had bright red hair. His contribution to his family was little to none because of his outrageous spending of his pay check on alcohol. Leo is important because he was the reason that Evelyn had to fill out all the contest entries in order to keep her family afloat.
 * **Setting****(location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || //The////Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio// is located in the 1950s and
 * **Opening scene**
 * \Closing scene** || The opening scene of this novel is when two men pull up in front of the Ryan home announcing a major n. This showed that Mrs. Ryan won a lot of prizes, even if they were not always big.
 * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || Evelyn Ryan’s ten children stands as a symbol. These children stands as a symbol of her determination to continue, even when times are rough. The text says, “‘Yes, Mom,’ I said, trying to lift her spirits. ‘even when you’re losing, you can be a winner’” (309). Evelyn’s children give her a reason to want to continue on and not give up. a. Birds: In Terry Ryan’s //The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio// there are quite a few bird present with the Ryan’s. These birds symbolize protection. The text says, “When the cat turned in Barney’s direction, Mom was prepared to jump in, but she didn’t have to. The flock of sparrows dive-bombed the cat chasing him back into the bushes before landing in a protective circle around Barney” (251). These birds symbolize Evelyn’s protective nature on all things, even if they do not directly belong.
 * **Theme** || The central theme of this novel is that it does not matter what kind of situation a person is in, if they are trying to make their lives better, everything will work out in the end. //The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio// also has a secondary theme. This is that if family sticks together, there is nothing they cannot get done. What Terry Ryan is trying to say about human nature is that the world, and everyone in it, are going to try and tear everyone else apart. These people need to just focus on doing right for themselves and their families and everything will turn out. ||
 * **Tone****Style** || Terry Ryan’s style in //The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio// is serious at times and humorousand exciting at other times. The text says, “‘I don’t care!’ I hear myself
 * **Conflicts** || The Ryan family faces a number of conflicts, the most troubling being when they lost one house, and also almost lost another. In order for the Ryan's to keep their home, their mother contests. ||
 * ** Literary Devices ** || Ryan uses tone and style to develop her theme and she also chooses to use choppy sentences at points in order to show the importance and establish the way she is trying to get the point across. ||
 * **Literary elements used** || Terry Ryan uses many different literary element to help her novel establish. She uses figurative language, simile, metaphor, imagery, rhythm, the theme, the point of view, oxymoron and so many more literary elements in order to help her novel become successful and a real work of art. ||
 * **Important quotes** || Evelyn Ryan, page 96; “‘Oh,’ she said, ‘that’s not why I gave it to you. I just though a four-leaf clover might enjoy being in the pocket of the winning pitcher.” Evelyn’s son, Dick, was going off to pitch an important baseball game and he was nervous. Therefore, Evelyn gave her son a four leaf clover. This shows that in all that Evelyn’s children do, she wants to give them some kind of encouragement, even if it is just little. 2. Terry Ryan, page 113; “At that moment we knew that as long as we used our brains, we were not victims.” The Ryan family has been suffering financial a lot, and one of the women the family went to church with criticized the way Evelyn raised money for her family. However, she knew she was doing what was right for her family. Evelyn showed her kids that they did not need to do something they hated in order to stay ahead in the world. The children were shown they can do what they love, just as well and get what needed to be done, done.
 * **Significance of title** || Significance of Title-The significance of the title of the book //The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio: How My Mother Raised 10 Kids on 25 Words or Less// is that it explains what Evelyn Ryan did, and what the book was going to be about. This shows that the reader is going to be reading about how Evelyn won a lot of prizes and supported her family of twelve on these winnings. This means that by winning prizes it is possible to support a family. One of Evelyn’s major winnings was’…. a trip for two to Switzerland, a Ford Mustang, his and hers Longines watches and cash in the amount of $3,440.64” (323). ||
 * * **Student name** || Kaitlyn Mangus ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** || //1984// by George Orwell ||
 * * **Author background** || George Orwell was born Eric Blair in Bengal, India on June 25, 1903. His father was a British civil servant stationed in India. His father remained there while he, his mother, and his older sister went back to England when he was very young. There he was educated in a boarding school on a partial scholarship. He was often a sick child whom never quite fit in, and felt oppressed by the controlling staff of the school he attended. Orwell started writing at a very early age and had a poem published in the local newspaper at age eleven. He decided to not attend college and instead became a policeman in Burma. His health was failing and he hated his job, so he decided to dedicate his life as a writer taking on the pen name George Orwell. George Orwell took on roles to write hoping to gain a new perspective on certain topics, such as living among the very poor in London. The rise of powerful dictators such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin inspired Orwell’s writing about politics. He hated the ideas of communism and totalitarianism. This led him to write //Animal Farm// in 1945 and //1984// in 1948. The two works were complete successes, yet he did not have much time to enjoy the success because he was in the late stages of tuberculosis. Orwell died on January 21, 1950 in a hospital in London. ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** || This novel fits into two genres. It is political fiction and concurrently science fiction. Works of political fiction criticize an existing society and government. Science fiction novels are based on imagined futuristic advances and large social or environmental changes. ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** || This novel was written in 1948, when there was a rise in communism. This was the beginning of the nuclear age. The rise of powerful dictators such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin inspired Orwell’s writing. Governments were turning to Communism and totalitarianism. The television had not yet become common in every family’s home, but was becoming more and more popular. //1984// was written to reflect a possible outcome of the historical context in which it was written. ||
 * * **Plot summary** || Winston Smith is a typical member of the Outer Party in the year 1984. The society is separated by the Inner Party, the Outer Party, and the poor and illiterate Proles. Winston’s job is to edit the records to agree with the ever-changing words of the government, Big Brother. Smith feels depressed by the oppression of the government and his loneliness as a middle aged man. He decides to write a diary of his rebellious thoughts in order to stay sane, but can only do it out of view of the telescreen watching his every move and constantly listening, which is installed in every party member’s home.

Winston is very paranoid about the Thought Police catching him thinking of rebellious thoughts. He becomes suspicious of a brunette at work, he later learns is Julia. Despite his first doubtful thoughts about Julia being a Thought Police member, she slips a note into his hand in the hall at work that said “I love you.” The two begin a secret love affair starting in the woods and later moving to a room above a Prole’s, Mr. Charrington’s, shop, which seems to be safe from government supervision. Julia has the same revolutionary thoughts as Winston about Big Brother. They decide to meet with O’Brien, whom they think is a member of the Brotherhood, a secret group planning a revolt again the oppressing government.

Winston receives a book containing all of the information about the Brotherhood and reads it with Julia in the protection of the room above Charrington’s shop. Unfortunately, they are caught because Mr. Charrington and O’Brien were both members of the Thought Police. Julia and Winston are separated, and Winston is tortured, interrogated, and brainwashed by O’Brien for many years. After admitting that the government now controls him mentally, Winston is released and his heart is filled with love for Big Brother. ||
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || This novel is written in third person omniscient during the whole work. Through this point of view the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all characters and detailed descriptions of the actions that occur. The advantage of this point of view is it allows the readers to have a thorough image of the novel’s actions and can understand the decisions of the characters. The disadvantage of this point of view is it creates a lack of surprise and all mystery is taken out of the characters’ motives. ||
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || Wintson Smith- He is the main character. Winston hates the totalitarian government of Big Brother. He is a middle aged man who is lanky and frail. He has revolutionary thoughts about the government. Winston starts a love affair with Julia in order to rebel the government. He is a round character.

Julia- She works as a machine operator in the Fiction Section at the Ministry of Truth. She is a dark-haired, young woman, who is also Winston’s lover. Julia enjoys sex and has had many affairs with a large amount of party members. She too has revolutionary thoughts regarding the government, but feels there is no hope in actually changing the future as Winston does. She is a round character.

O’Brien- He is a powerful member of the Inner Party. Winston feels there is something mysterious about O’Brien; he believes O’Brien is a member of the Brotherhood. O’Brien is actually a member of the Thought Police and leads the torture of Winston Smith while he is in custody. He is a round character. ||
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || Location: The location is Oceania, one of the three superstates of the world. Winston lives in the area that had previously been known as England.

Time Period: The novel takes place 1984. When this novel was written, 1984 was 15 years into the future.

Political/Social Climate: The government is totalitarian, and it is known as Big Brother. There are three social classes, the Inner Party, the Outer Party, and the Proles (ranking in order of wealth and power). Also, there is a continuously ongoing war with the other two superstates of the world.

Atmosphere created by the setting: The atmosphere is tense and hopeless due to the paranoia of the citizens caused by the tyrannical government.

Importance of the setting: The setting is important because it mimics the aftermath of what would have happened if the Communist powers had gained a victory in World War II. At the time the novel was written, many Americans and Europeans feared Communism and secret spies like that of Big Brother. ||
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** || Opening: The novel begins with Winston walking home from his job, living in a run-down, poverty stricken apartment building, reeking of a boiled cabbage smell. Soon inside his apartment, he is being watched by Big Brother through the telescreen.

Closing: In the last scene, Winston is sitting in a café, drinking alcohol and watching the telescreen. He has finally been overpowered and has come to love Big Brother. It reflects that the government ultimately can control man’s mentality ||
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || Big Brother- Posters of Big Brother are hung everywhere. Big Brother represents the totalitarian government. The name gives citizens a feeling of comfort and protection, yet the always present eyes of the posters seem to be watching and scrutinizing Winston’s every move.

~ “It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption read beneath it” (Orwell 2).

Telescreen- The telescreens are constantly visible to the citizens and not only monitor them 24/7, but also play constant propaganda. The telescreens symbolize the use of technology only for the government’s own benefit. Winston just wants to be alone for awhile to think his own thoughts, but that is nearly impossible with constant observing.

~ “Winston was able to sit outside the range of the telescreen, so far as sight went. He could be heard, of course” (Orwell 6).

Red Armed Prole Woman- Winston commonly hears this woman singing through the window of Mr. Charrington’s shop. This woman represents virility and the hopes Winston has of the future Proles’ generation finally rebelling against the party. Winston feels her children and grandchildren will someday overcome the government.

~She had her momentary flowering, a year, perhaps, of wildrose beauty, and then she had suddenly swollen like a fertilized fruit and grown hard and red and coarse… She was of people who had never learned to think but were storing up in their hearts and bellies and muscles the power that would one day overturn the world. If there was hope, it lay in the Proles!” (Orwell 220).

Glass Paperweight- Winston buys a glass paperweight containing a piece of coral in an antique store in the Prole District. This old paperweight symbolizes Winston’s attempt to connect with and understand the past in which the Party has made nearly impossible. Symbolically, it is smashed onto the floor when the Thought Police capture Winston, representing the ability the Party has on controlling the knowledge of history.

~ “There was another crash. Someone had picked up the glass paperweight from the table and smashed it to pieces on the hearthstone” (Orwell 223). ||
 * * **Theme** || Central Theme: Totalitarian government has extreme and eminent dangers.

Secondary Themes:- The government can psychologically manipulate citizens into believing anything. -Technology can be dangerous and used against citizens.

The author is trying to tell the readers to not become mindless followers. He is telling the readers to stay aware of what the government is doing. Orwell is also trying to tell the readers to follow the advances in technology before it can be uses against them. George Orwell was warning his readers of the consequences of people allowing their government to become all powerful. ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** || Tone: The tone is depressing due to the hostile events that take place such as torture, and it is suspenseful because the readers are always wondering what will happen to Winston next.

Style: The author’s writing style uses short and direct sentences without much flourishing. He does not use many large words. In this manner, Orwell makes it easier for any adult to read this novel because he wants to get his point across to many people. The story unfolds in a detached manner, allowing the readers to form their own opinions of the dark and creepy activities throughout the novel. Orwell also uses dark humor throughout the work. For instance, “She had had her first love affair when she was sixteen, with a Party member of sixty who later committed suicide to avoid arrest. ‘And a good job too,’ said Julia. ‘Otherwise they’d have had my name out of him when he confessed’” (Orwell 131). This is just one alarming description in which Orwell uses dark humor in this work. || -This is a Party Slogan. It is shown when Winston is reflecting on the control of memory and history by the party. The Party can use false history to control the future. -Significance of the quote: This quote represents the control of the Party. They control the present, so ultimately, they control everything. The Party creates a past that seems miserable, pushing the citizens to believe the future will be better and pushing them to completely give in to the Party’s oppression.
 * * **Conflicts** || There are many conflicts in this novel, including external and internal conflicts. Most of the external conflicts deal with the torture of Winston and other prisoners. The internal conflicts are the fights the Winston and Julia have within themselves to fight past the brainwashing of the government. ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) || This novel uses the literary device of a political allegory. Orwell expresses what might happen if the world did not become aware of the terrible problems facing it, not in 1984, but in the year it was written. For example, "... the chocolate ration was to be reduced from thirty grams to twenty.." (Orwell 39). It follows the acts of the government in Communist countries in the time period it was written. ||
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) || George Orwell uses the plot, theme, tone, similes, metaphors, and imagery to establish his work as a classic. His use of these literary devices establishes a vivid and descriptive novel of a negative utopia to his readers. An example of a simile used is “Procreation will be an annual formality like the renewal of a ration card” (Orwell 267). Orwell uses this simile to draw a comparison between future events and something the readers already understand. ||
 * * **Important quotes** || “Who controls the past controls the future: Who controls the present controls the past” (Orwell 34).

“In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five, and you would have to believe it” (Orwell 80). -Before this quote, Winston is thinking about his astonishment of how easily the Party could control the minds of the people. He knows that if a person thinks differently from what Big Brother says, he will be tortured and ultimately killed. - Significance of the quote: This quote is significant because it is one of the first times the readers see Winston acknowledge the mind controlling power of the party. Also, the topic is later addressed while Winston is being tortured in the Ministry of Love. O’Brien, through torture and pain, forces Winston to believe that he is holding up four fingers when in reality he is only holding up four. This quote shows the power that a totalitarian government can have over its people.

“They simply swallowed everything, and what they swallowed did them no harm, because it left no residue behind, just as a grain of corn will pass undigested through the body of a bird”(Orwell 156). -While Julia is sleeping, Winston sits up thinking about the way the younger generation just does as they’re told and accepts anything the Party tells them. This way, they do not get hurt. - Significance of the quote: This quote is significant because the author is explaining to the readers the way in which they are acting and he is trying to stop them. The author uses this quote to tell the readers to have common sense and to use their intelligence to follow the government’s actions and to stand for what they believe in. This quote also uses a bird as a representation of an unintelligent being by comparing him to an animal with a rather small brain.

“‘They can’t get inside of you. If you can feel that staying human is worth while, even when it can’t have any result whatever, you’ve beaten them’” (Orwell 166). -Julia and Winston are considering ways of beating the government. They know the government can torture them and kill them, but Winston believes the Party cannot change their thoughts. - Significance of the quote: Winston keeps this mindset throughout the novel. Even to the very end, the government cannot change his revolutionary thoughts. His mind has been changed by the end of the novel to love Big Brother, but only by his own power. The author uses this conversation to instill the same mindset into his readers.

“He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother” (Orwell 298). -Winston is sitting in a café drinking alcohol and watching the telescreen previously to this quote. It is years after Winston has been tortured into being an orthodox citizen. He sees a victory announced on the telescreen and realizes he has gained happiness by it. - Significance of the quote: This shoes Winston has finally broken down. That very last line of the story, shows how powerful the government really is. The Party completely destroys a person, making him love what he once hated. This quote is chilling because it reflects the outcome of an all-powerful government if the citizens do not stand up to it together. ||
 * * **Significance of title** || //1984// was written in the year 1948. The author used this to describe a Utopian society that takes place in the future year of 1984 in which there is torture, totalitarianism, spies, constant war, and very much confusion. The title allows the readers to understand that this novel takes place in the future. When starting his diary, Winston “did not know with any certainty that this //was// 1984. It was never possible nowadays to pin down any date within a year or two” (Orwell 7). The author warns the readers of the dangers that will occur if communism is to spread during the decade in which the novel was written. ||


 * * **Student name** || Rebecca Boned ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** || //Pride and Prejudice// ||
 * * **Author background** || Jane Austen was born in Seventon, England, on December 16th, 1775. He father was a clergyman and like Mr. Bennet was not able to give his daughters a lot to marry on. Jane was sent to a couple different boarding schools with her sister, but neither experience lasted long. Jane never married, although she did accept a proposal. The proposal lasted one night, the morning after accepting she had a change in heart and called everything off. The Austen family spent a lot of time traveling and Jane wrote many novels based on her experiences. Jane died in 1817 at the age of 41. Her death was unknown although some speculations lead to Addison’s disease (“Biography). ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** || //Pride and Prejudice// is actually considered a comedy. A comedy, by definition, is any play or narrative poem in which the main characters manage to avert an impending disaster and have a happy ending (“Literary). That is the simplest summary of //Pride and Prejudice//, two young adults falling in love all the while people and financial differences separating them; somehow still ending up married and happy in the end. ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** || The novel was supposed to take place in the 18th century or the Age of Enlightenment. During the age in history many people were overthrowing the teachings of the Catholic Church and turning to their own thoughts and opinions. Many kings and kingdoms were being overthrown during this period also. The characters in //Pride and Prejudice// offer a parallelism with the actual events of the time because they too wonder if they should base their decisions on reason or feelings. ||
 * * **Plot summary** || The Bennet family is an ordinary family with all daughters and no sons. They are far from being poor, but they cannot give their daughters much of an inheritance. Mrs. Bennet, the mother, desires to marry off all her daughters to wealthy men to ensure they live comfortable lives. This was a very difficult thing to do at the time because the Bennet’s did not have anything to offer the suitors that would want to marry their daughters. The two oldest, Elizabeth and Jane, are considered absolute beauties in their towns and most likely to marry up in society. Mr. Bingely, a very wealthy man, moves into a mansion near the Bennet’s home. Mrs. Bennet instantly sends Mr. Bennet to scope Bingley out to find out if he is suitable to marry one of her daughters. Mr. Bennet decided he could potentially work and they soon go to a ball held at his mansion. While there it is discovered that Bingley brought a friend, Mr. Darcey. Mr. Darcey and Elizabeth instantly dislike each other and Mr. Darcey gets the reputation of being a prideful man. Through some crazy events Jane, Elizabeth’s sister, gets engaged to Mr. Bingley while Elizabeth gets engaged to Mr. Darcey. When Mr. Darcey asked Mr. Bennet for Elizabeth’s hand in marriage everyone thinks it is a joke because of how much they hate each other. Not to mention Elizabeth already denied his proposal once before. Elizabeth also gets a visit from Mr. Darcey’s aunt who threatens her not to marry Mr. Darcey because she is not high enough socially. Through life’s trials and family issues, Elizabeth’s younger sister running off and getting married, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcey still end up married happily ever after. ||
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || It is a third person point of view, but at times it is Elizabeth speaking to the reader. The third person point of view allows the reader to see and hear many different opinions and reasons behind certain choices. This type, however, does not allow the reader to truly see Elizabeth’s true feelings besides the spots when narration changes. When narration does change the reader knows Elizabeth’s most inner thoughts and feeling. This allows the reader to get emotionally connected while also knowing the facts behind a situation. ||
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || * Elizabeth Bennet: She is the main character and driving force behind the novel. Elizabeth is a strong women that stands on her beliefs and feeling while also allowing love to influence her. She is considered a fun loving girl, which cause problems for her at times. Men seem to love her and she turns down a couple proposals during the novel before agreeing to Mr. Darcey’s second proposal.
 * Mr. Darcey: Darcey is a very serious character that is extremely shy. His shyness actually causes people to believe he is extremely prideful. He desires to help others, however, and helped a few of his enemies throughout the book. At his first glimpse of Elizabeth he did not think she was pretty enough for him. Many women go after him, but he decides Elizabeth is the only one that could keep up with him.
 * Jane Bennet: Jane is a good hearted, beautiful young lady. She can never see the bad in people, but is always kind and tender hearted. She is a little more reserved and doesn’t let her feelings known. She almost lost Mr. Bingley because he wasn’t sure about her feelings. Jane is a good young lady that got what she deserved in life.
 * Mr. Bingley: Bingley is the new guy in town that is wealthy and handsome. He is very nice and polite to everybody he meets. The Bennets instantly love him. He can seem a bit awkward at times, but it works with Jane.
 * Mrs. Bennet: Mrs. Bennet is a very loud woman that voices her opinion on everything. She alone almost causes Darcey to run. All she cares about is getting her daughters married off to rich men. ||
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || The setting of //Pride and Prejudice// is all over England. It starts at the Bennet’s home in the country side of a medium sized city, to London, to other small towns, all the way to forest and castles. The setting is used to show the simplicity of the way some people live to the extravagant lives of others. The Bennet’s are quaint country people who live a semi normal life. Mr. Darcey is an extremely wealthy man that lives in a huge mansion that people tour for fun. The setting helps create the mood of the scene. The country is calm peaceful times, while the big city is boisterous and holds heartache. ||
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** || The opening scene talks about marriage and how a wealthy man should get married. It foreshadows what is to come in the novel. In the closing scene tells everybody's reaction to Mr. Darcey and Elizabeth's marriage. It shows the societal expectations they had to overcome to even be able to be married. It showed how people still think it was wrong for them to be together, but also how some supported the union. The opening scene foreshadowed a wealthy man marrying and that is exactly what happened. ||
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || A big symbol is the Balls held by the important families. Holding a ball was a sign of family status in the community. Showing up at those balls showed you as being worthy of their presence. Mr. Darcey and Mr. Bingely were announced to the community at the ball. It was also a place where people looked for future spouses.

Another symbol is the estates in the novel. They too represent a family’s wealth and their worth to the community. The nicer the estates the higher up one were considered in society. It represented the political and social power the family would hold. Those of lesser estates were not to marry those of higher estates and vice versa. || Internal:
 * * **Theme** || A major theme in the novel is marriage is not a must in order to live happily ever after. In today’s society it is perfectly normal for people to never marry, however back then it was absolutely crazy if a young woman did not marry. Mrs. Bennet preached marriage to her daughters from the very first chapter of the book. It was a way for them to get stable futures and to bring peace to their mother. If a young lady was not married by her early twenties men generally were not looking at her anymore. Elizabeth’s friend married a man she did not love because it was better than being single forever. That sounds crazy in today’s society, but it was a very normal practice back then. ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** || Austen writes in a very sarcastic way that shows Elizabeth’s true feelings. For example, when Elizabeth is told by Mr. Darcey’s aunt that they are not allowed to get married Elizabeth tell her that she will not promise anything. The way Elizabeth answered her was sophisticated, but to the point. Austen uses this style to reveal the personality of the characters. It truly allows the reader to understand the character and motives behind the decisions made. ||
 * * **Conflicts** || External:
 * Mr. Darcey and the Bennets
 * The Bingleys and Bennets
 * Elizabeth and Mr. Darcey
 * Ms. Bingely and Jane Bennet
 * Pride and Elizabeth
 * Love and Mr. Darcey
 * Desire and Mr. Darcey
 * Wealth and Mrs. Bennet ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) || Jane Austen uses old style English in the book. Everything is very eloquently spoken and the reader must truly focus to grasp the meaning. ||
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) || Moral is a huge element used throughout the novel. Everything Elizabeth did was based on her personal morals. Her morals were influenced by society, but not overcome. Elizabeth used her own reason and opinion to make decisions she felt were best for her. Mr. Darcey also uses moral, although in the beginning his was based more on societal morals. Darcey eventually learns to really more on her heart and feelings than society. ||
 * * **Important quotes** || *** “Though he had detected with a critical eye more than one failure of perfect symmetry in her form, he was forced to acknowledge her figure to be light and pleasing; and in spite of his asserting that her manners were not those of the fashionable world, he was caught by their easy playfulness” (Austen 32). This quote is the first time the reader sees Mr. Darcey getting feelings for Elizabeth. Mr. Darcey basically says she has the body, intelligence, and personality to be admired.
 * “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” (Austen 5). That sentence is the opening line to the novel and it sets up the whole meaning of the novel. It was a very common practice in the past to marry a wealthy man and for a wealthy man to desire to be married. He needed to have children to pass a inheritance to and also to keep the family name alive. Someone of wealth contains power; families would want to hold that power as long as they could.
 * “My reasons for marrying are, first, that I think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances (like myself) to set the example of matrimony in his parish; secondly, that I am convinced it will add very greatly to my happiness; and thirdly- which perhaps I ought to have mentioned earlier, that it is the particular advice and recommendation of the very noble lady whom I have the honor of calling patroness” (Austen 143). This line, spoken by Elizabeth’s cousin, shows the true reasons people married at the time. The main reason is because they are expected to and it looks god. It shows the stereotypical marriage of the time and it shows the understanding as to why Elizabeth does not want to marry unless it is for true love.
 * “A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word; and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and experiences, or the word will be but half deserved” (Austen 54). This sentence is what the Bingley’s feel an accomplished woman in high society should possess. This is a stereotypical woman of the time and Elizabeth feels it is a selfish description of what a woman should be. This shows how Elizabeth pushes the norms of her society.
 * “But pride- where there is a real superiority of mind, pride will be always under good regulation” (Austen 77). This shows why most of the characters throughout Pride and Prejudice thought Mr. Darcey was a prideful man. He believes that if you can support your pride through actions it is okay, however, it is when you cannot live up to your pride that causes problems. ||
 * * **Significance of title** || The title //Pride and Prejudice// so that reader could figure out who was being prideful and who was being prejudice. It makes the novel a bit of a mystery. The book was supposed to be title //First Impressions//, but that would make the reader judge characters from the very start instead of formulating their own opinions (“Pride). The reader knows Elizabeth thinks Mr. Darcey is prideful in the beginning, but the reader needs to decide for themselves if Mr. Darcey is actually being prideful or if he is misunderstood. The prejudice part falls on many different characters. Elizabeth is prejudice towards Mr. Darcey and instantly judges him. Mrs. Bennet is extremely prejudiced towards un-wealthy men and she makes sure her daughters know not to even try to marry one. The title truly represents the situations and characters in the book; however, it is up to the reader truly deciphering the meaning of the different characters. ||


 * * **Student name** || Alyssa Hanlon ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** || Light in August by William Faulkner ||
 * * **Author background** || William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897 (William Faulkner- Biography), and he died on July 6, 1962 (William Faulkner- Biographical). As a child Faulkner lived in the town of Oxford, Mississippi. He dropped out of high school, as well as college. He wanted to be in the army very bad, and eventually got his wish. He based his town of Jefferson off of his town of Oxford. Falkner did not make if out of his town very often and that is why he based Jefferson off of his hometown of Oxford. Later in to his life, Faulkner married Estelle Oldham, who had two children from a previous marriage and also bore him two children. Some events that may or may not have affected his writing and creating works of arts are that his oldest daughter died at the age of 9 days, he was denied the request of joining the United States army and therefor, he had to serve with the Canadian army. World events happening during the years of which may have impacted his writing career were the World War I as well as World War II and the Great Depression in the U.S. (William Faulkner biography). Faulkner’s works were well accepted at the time he wrote them, as well as afterwards, as he won the Nobel Peace Prize in Literature due to these works. ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** || The genre of this novel is that of southern works. It is very clear that this novel seems to be that of a southern story. Also, there are qualities of tragedy as well as mystery. These two are genres of this novel because bad things happen to good people, people are murdered and there is even a little bit of the novel of which the reader doesn’t know which character did something. ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** || This novel was written in a time when slavery and racism was very alive. All throughout this book the reader sees of the harsh treatment of people because of the race issue. From people being murdered to people not getting a fair trial, this book has all kinds of treatment of the African Americans that is not fair. This was also around the time of World War I and World War II, and it is evident that people are still in that time and want to be protected, as well as protect because they were either in the war or knew they should be protected. Women rights also weren’t established at this time, as the reader seen women being over powered, as by the main character who sleeps with and then kills a woman and another important character being impregnated and then having to find the father of her baby that ran away. ||
 * * **Plot summary** || The opening scene of this novel is when the reader reads of Lena Grove and how her parents were killed and she lived with her brother. She snuck out and got her self pregnant, and the baby’s father ran away. Her brother is very upset she got pregnant and she runs away in hopes of finding her baby’s father. She travels all the way from Alabama to Mississippi to find him. Two other characters, one named Christmas and the other Brown, both come in to the story and get jobs at a mill in Jefferson, the town in which Lena travels to, in order to find her baby’s father. These two men are very wicked and sell whisky illegally. Lena discovers her baby’s father when she meets a man named Bryon who describes Brown to her, but he is going by a different name. When Lena gets to town there is a major crisis going on in the town that bryon doesn’t want Lena to know about. One of the citizens of the town was found murdered, nearly beheaded, and her house was caught on fire the police figured out that it is either Christmas of Brown who did it. However, Brown wanted the thousand dollar reward and sells Christmas, who has already ran away, to the police. Later during this time, there is a flashback and the reader finds out that Christmas was in an orphanage as a child and “seen” a women at the house sleeping around with another authoritative person and the women doesn’t want to lose her job and arranges for Christmas to be adopted. During the time he was adopted, his father figure is very harsh to him. When Christmas decides to be a rebel, his father figure is very angry and these two get in to a very bug fight. The ending result to this fight seems to be the death of the older man. When the book is back in present time, it is revealed that the women Christmas killed, was his lover for some time. Christmas is found in a neighboring town, in which the reader soon discovers is where his grandparents live as well. Christmas’s grandparents tell the preacher what had happened and why Christmas ended up if an orphanage and ask him to lie about who murdered the women. At another location, Lena has her baby boy and he is healthy and Brown goes to see him and Brown runs away. Christmas gets shot and dies. Lena and Bryon then go off with Lena's baby in search for Brown. ||
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || The point of view of this novel is all over the place. However, most of the novel is in third person omnipotent. There are quite a few narrators. The narrators range from Christmas to Lena to Bryon to characters briefly mentioned. All these different narrators are used so that the reader can see every possible action, thought or view of the different characters at different points of the novel. The limitations to this kind of narrating is that the novel gets very confusion and very hard to follow because the narrator changes so many times. The reader has to pay really good attention and also refer to earlier points of the books quite a bit to ensure that the reader doesn’t get super lost and to follow the story. The advantages of this kind of narrating is that the reader can see every characters thoughts and feelings and see their actions at every moment in the novel. This allows the reader to know everything that is happening at all times, with all the different characters at once. ||
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || # a. Major Characters
 * 1) i. Lena Grove: A young women who loses her family and must live with her brother. She gets her self pregnant and goes to look for the baby’s father. She is described as “young, pleasantfaced, candid, friendly and alert”. It doesn’t seem like she knows what see wants in the long run, but at the moment she knows exactly what she wanted. She is very important because she shows many of the characters true perseverance. In some ways she is related to nearly all the character. She is a round character as she does change during the novel. She changes from wanting only Brown and not caring how she got it, to falling in love with another man, and trying to do what is best for her and her child
 * 2) ii. Joe Christmas: He is the main character, who drives nearly all the action. He is an orphan as a child and has nothing really god about his life. He chooses the life he gets and doesn’t care what he does to other people. Christmas is very bad for the community, and he also seems creepy. At the beginning of the novel he seems like he is hard working and wants to get done what needs to be done. Christmas is important to this novel because he drives the action the entire time. He is the person who made the biggest conflict in the novel, happen. Christmas also seems like he is a round character. He changes a lot throughout this novel, as he changes from a small child who stays out of people’s ways, to an adult who kills people, and runs away from it.
 * 3) iii. Bryon Bunch: He is a man who doesn’t really do much as a character. However he is important to the other characters. He falls in love with Lena Grove and makes sure she is taken care of. He promises that he won’t let anything happen to her. Later in the novel, he decides to confront Brown on what he was doing to Lena and gets hit and knocked down. He is important because he helps Lena with quite a bit of things and makes it so that Brown runs away by telling him she was there. He seems to be a flat character the entire time. He doesn’t change and he sits in the back of the novel and does what he needs to be done by him.
 * 4) b. Minor Characters
 * 5) i. Joe Brown: Joe Brown is Christmas’s business partner and also the person who turns Christmas in to the law. Brown helps in the catching of Christmas, which is result of the main conflict of the novel. Also he is the reason that Lena ends up in the town of Jefferson. He leaves Lena and then she goes and looks for him.
 * 6) Old Doc Hines: He is important to this story for one reason: he is the one who started the whole cycle. Old Doc Hines is the person who took the baby way and out him in an orphanage, which treated him bad, which lead to the family that was hard on him, which lead to him doing all that he did. ||
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || The setting of the very beginning of the novel, when it is just Lena is in Alabama. The setting of Light in August then moves on to the town of Jefferson, Mississippi in August. The year is somewhere around World War I and World War II and during slavery times. The social climate of this novel is that white men have all the rights. White women have a few rights but not that many and any one after that truly have no rights yet. The black men are not allow to do anything and if they do something wrong, they definitely don’t get an honest trial. It doesn’t matter if a person is only a little colored or if it may just be a rumor, if you are accused of having black in you, then you are automatically in the minority. The political climate is similar to that in that the whites had all the rights and made all the decisions and the blacks didn’t get to make any decisions, no matter what. ||
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** || The opening scene of this novel is the reader learns that Lena Grove's family was killed and she now lives with her brother. also she runs off to find the man that got her pregnant and, who also ran away from her. the closing scene of this novel is when Lena and Bryon go off to try and find Brown, the baby's father, and they decide they don't care where it takes them to, they were going to find her. ||
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || There are two very distinct pieces of symbolism in this novel. The firstis when the author describes what Joe did to a sheep: “He was not three miles from home when in the late afternoon he shot a sheep. He found the flock in a hidden valley and stalked and killed one with the gun” (185). This scene symbolizes Christmas’s loss of innocence. This is where he really decides to get out of control and he just spirals out of control after this point. A second symbol in this novel is that of the road. The road symbolizes the freedom in which the character that takes it achieves. The texts says, “The street curved into the gravel road. He had almost a mile yet to go, so he ran not fast but carefully, steadily, his face lowered a little as if he contemplated the spurned road beneath his feet…”(210). This shows freedom, because as he takes this road, he is finding freedom from the things and people that are holding him back. On this road he gets away from the adoptive family that is holding him back and also the prison time for murder. ||
 * * **Theme** || No matter how hard a person tries to get rid of things they don’t like about themselves or things they have done, a person will be the person they are meant to be, no matter how many things they try to change about them self. Faulkner is trying to tell the human race that they may try to change who they are, but who they were at one point and what they did will always be with them, whether that be good or bad. The good stays with us as much as the bad does. ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** || The style of the novel is all over the place. There are points that are happysome that are depression. Surely there are some that are sad and exciting and heartwarming and disgusting. This novel has nearly every emotion known to mankind. This novel has so much style in it, it is unreal. The text says “…he got up during prayer meeting and went to the pulpit and begun to preach himself, yelling against niggers, for the white folks to turn out and kill them all…” (378). Not only does this show some of the style in showing that there are a lot of different tones to the novel, but it also shows it by helping support the theme that a person can never escape the past. This also supports the style because it is a direct parallel to what Christmas did when he got up in the church and was yelling at blacks. This novel has all kinds of personification, simile, imagery, methods and quite a bit of flashbacks. This story is also a frame story, as there is a story with in the story itself. All these style elements that this novel has helps to contribute to the beauty of the novel and the last effect it has on the world of literature. ||
 * * **Conflicts** || There are many conflicts through out this novel. there is one between Brown and Lena, because he leaves her, pregnant and alone and she has to go look for him. there is one between Christmas and the town of Jefferson, because of his act of murder. Christmas has conflicts with quite a few characters. He has conflicts with Brown, we his adoptive family, with the orphanage owners and also with a lot of other people. ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) || William Faulkner uses a lot of literary devices in order to help his novel develop. He uses flashback all trough the novel, multiple times, foreshadowing, many different images, irony, mood, motifs and many many more literary devices. ||
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) || In //Light in August//, Faulkner develops it very well. He uses all sorts of different elements for this. There are far too many to discuss, but he uses them all very well to teach the reader what he is going for. ||
 * * **Important quotes** || # a.The narrator is speaking, pg: 33- Joe Christmas has just arrived at the mill to begin work and he wastes no time getting started. “The newcomer turned without a word. The others watched him go down to the sawdust pile and vanish and reappear with a shovel and go to work”. Through this quote, the reader learns that Christmas is determined. It shows that he is willing to do what he needs to do, to get what needs to be done, done. Even when the job Christmas has to do is dirty and hard, he gets in done in a timely manner.
 * 1) b.The narrator is speaking, pg: 35- Bryon Bunch realizes that Joe Christmas has no lunch to eat and he has just worked a long shift. “He knew as well as if the man had told him that he did not have a nickel in his pocket and that in all likelihood he had lived on cigarettes for two or three days now. Almost with the thought Bryon was offering his own pail, the action as reflex as the thought”. Through this description of Bryon’s actions and thoughts the reader realizes that Bryon is a very thoughtful person and will do anything for anyone, even a stranger. This is important because it gives a little bit of a foreshadowing of what Bryon will do for Lena, even though he doesn’t know her.
 * 2) c.Mr. McEachern is speaking. Pg:143- Mr. McEachern comes to the orphanage and decides to adopt Christmas. This is after Christmas catches the women having an affair and gets kidnapped by the janitor. “And he’ll find no fancy food and no idleness. Nor neither more work than will be good for him. I make no doubt that with us he will grow up to fear God…” Christmas’s adoptive father is telling the women at the orphanage that Christmas will not be spoiled, but he will get everything he needs as a child. He will get love and he will be raised exactly how a boy should be raised. This is important because it is the start of Christmas’s life. This is where he gets to have a family and starts to learn what right from wrong is supposed to mean.
 * 3) d.Mr. McEachern is speaking, pg 175- Mr. McEachern and Christmas had just got done in the very scary bar that Mr. E took Christmas to. “There are places in this world where a man may go but a boy, a youth of your age, may not. That is one of them.” Mr. E is trying to show Christmas right of that there are things that he may not do. He does it in a very good way, showing him what happens at places that a child is not to be at, rather than just saying don’t go there. This shows that Mr. E took the responsibility of raising a son very seriously and tried to do his very best.
 * 4) e. Mr. Mceachern is speaking, pg 163-Mr. E knows something is going on with the cow he gave Christmas and therefore wants him to call to the cow to get it to come back, or to prove a point that he knows the cow is gone. “I gave her to you. To teach you the responsibility of possessing, owning, ownership. The responsibility of the owner to that which he owns under God’s sufferance”. Mr. E has only given this cow to Christmas in words. He truly did not give it to him and is very upset when he finds out it is gone. Also, this is what starts Christmas’s who life up, to run away have money sleep around and eventually murder. The money he gets from the cow is how he first starts his life. ||
 * * **Significance of title** || The term “to be in August light” is a southern term for being pregnant (What’s Up With the Title?). This is relevant because of Lena Grove’s situation, in that she was pregnant. This pregnancy brought many people together throughout this novel. One example of this is when “….he jumps down and runs up and helps her down like she and the kid were made of glass or egg (498). This shows that through the //Light in August//, these characters were brought together, and help each other through rough times. ||

Joseph Conrad ||
 * * **Student name** || Mikayla Cox ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** || Heart of Darkness
 * * **Author background** || //Heart of Darkness// was written by Joseph Conrad, whose given name was Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski. Conrad was born in Poland but later moved to England and decided to become a sailor early in life. His childhood was rough; his father was put in prison when he was very young and his mother also died while he was a child. When he was 31 years old he became the captain of a steamer that sailed on the Congo River. It is speculated that a couple of the characters in //Heart of Darkness// are based off of people he met on this journey. He began writing the novel eight years after he returned from Africa and based a lot of the story on his own travel journals. ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** || The genre of a //Heart of Darkness// is described as being "Roman à Clef", which is a French term for a story with many factual aspects but that is still a work of fiction. This is because many parts of the novel were based on Conrad's real life experiences, but the overall plot is fiction.

This is so because Jospeh Conrad personally said that he based the novel from his own experience. ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** || Imperialism in England in the 1890s is the central historical context for the novel, in which the European powers were stretched thin over a large amount of empires. Problems such as riots, wars, and abandonment of enterprises were abundant during these times. Conrad witnessed these experiences first hand, and no doubt based these aspects of //Heart of Darkness// on his own life as well.

This influenced the theme because Imperialism created a lot of the destruction we see int he novel. || This point of view is beneficial because it gives the reader a firsthand account of the events and Marlow's own feelings but it's also not beneficial because the reader is limited to one person's thoughts and feelings during Marlow's story. || **Kurtz's Fianc** **é -** Marlow visits her after he gets back to Europe and he lies to her about her Kurtz's last words. She loves Kurtz a lot and has been dressed in mourning for a long time. ||
 * * **Plot summary** || The novel starts out aboard a ship called the //Nellie// in which captain Marlow tells the passengers about his voyage up the Congo. He talks about the devastating nature of the company's station where people are held imprisoned as slaves. Here he is told of Kurtz who is supposedly a genius. They tell him that Kurtz is ill and they must take the steamboat up the river to his station. He discovers that the boat he was supposed to be captain of has been wrecked before he got there and then has to spend months getting it repaired. While the boat is being repaired he learns the manager envies Kurtz because of his position at the station. It takes them two months to reach Kurtz's station after the boat has been repaired but upon arriving, their boat is attacked by the natives and Marlow assumes that Kurtz is dead. Marlow meets a Russian man who tells him how the natives worship Kurtz and that Kurtz is the one who ordered the attack on their boat. Marlow finds a dying Kurtz on the shore, and the natives become very protective of him and don't want him to leave. Both Marlow and Kurtz become even more ill and finally as Kurtz dies, he gives Marlow papers and a picture while shouting about "The horror!" The next day they bury Kurtz and Marlow becomes even more sick. Upon Marlow's return to Europe he delivers the personal papers to Kurtz's fiance who he finds out has been in mourning for a very long time and that she loved Kurtz deeply. He lies to her and tells her that Kurtz's last words were her name. ||
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || The novel is a frame story, so there are two narrators. The first is Marlow, a ship captain, while the other is an anonymous passenger who listens to Marlow's story. Marlow tells his story in first person. It is also in past tense.
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || **Charlie Marlow -** The protagonist and second narrator of the novel. Marlow isa 32 year-old man who tells a story of his voyage up the Congo River. He is captain of the steamboat sent to save Kurtz.
 * The Narrator -** An anonymousman on board the ship who relates Marlow's story to the reader.
 * Kurtz** - An ivory trader and the reason for Marlow's journey. He is well-educated and starts working on the Congo for a mission of his own but once there, he sets himself up as a god to the natives. When Marlow finally gets to him, he is dying.
 * The Manager -** He oversees the Company's activities in the Congo and he seems to make everyone nervous. Marlow later figures out that he was responsible for the wreck of his steamboat. He's also afraid that Kurtz is trying to take his job.
 * The Accountant -** The Accountant seems very selfish and arrogant; he complains about a dying man who is brought to his office for fear of being distracted. He also tells Marlow about some of the Company's shady business.
 * Kurtz's Mistress** - Native woman who is very protective of Kurtz. She dresses in bright colors.
 * The Helmsman-** A crewman on Marlow's steamboat who is killed by a spear during an attack on the boat.
 * The Doctor -** The doctor that Marlow is examined by at the headquarters. He is interested in the effects of the jungle on the people.
 * Marlow's Aunt** Using her influence with the wife of a high Company official, she helps Marlow get his post as a steamboat pilot for the Company.
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || The majority of the novel takes place up the Congo, where Marlow's voyage took place, sometime around 1890. The setting is important to the novel because the jungle creates the darkness that most men lose themselves in, while the time is important because of the imperialism in Europe at that time. ||
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** || Opening Scene: The novels opens to the first narrator describing life on the Nellie, the ship which Marlow is the captain of. Marlow then begins to tell the passengers his tale.

Closing Scene: The novel ends with Marlow lying to Kurtz's fiance about his dying words. He tells her that they were her name, claiming that telling her the truth would be "too dark altogether..." (Conrad 131) || Another symbol is The Congo river itself. The Congo symbolizes the separation of white men and black men because it allows white men to stay outside of Africa while still accessing it. ||
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || Fog is one symbol in the novel. The fog is another form of the darkness and symbolizes the mens' minds when they are away from civilization.
 * * **Theme** || The major theme in the novel is that civilization acts as a buffer to stop men from reverting back to their animalistic ways and that without it, even the most intelligent men lose themselves. ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** || The fact that Hear of Darkness is written as a frame story helps show not only Marlow's perspective but the perspective of an anonymous passenger as well. ||
 * * **Conflicts** || Heart of Darkness contains both physical and internal conflicts.

One example of an actual, physical conflict is Marlow's fight with the natives. The natives attack his ship when they first arrive and later become very protective of Kurtz.

An example of an internal conflict is the mental fight that takes place inside each of the men. The jungle, away from civilization, changes the men and they struggle to remain true to themselves. ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) || A literary device Conrad uses a lot is characterization. From the beginning, Kurtz was seen to be a genious and an overall great man but Marlow soon discovers this is not the case.

Marlow also changes upon this realization and struggles with his own feelings while he's in the jungle. ||
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) || Conrad uses a lot of literary elements but the most imporant one is the setting. The setting is very important because it's the Congo that causes the men to lose themselves. ||
 * * **Important quotes** || “It was unearthly, and the men were—No, they were not inhuman. Well, you know, that was the worst of it—the suspicion of their not being inhuman. It would come slowly to one. They howled and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces; but what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity—like yours—the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly. Yes, it was ugly enough; but if you were man enough you would admit to yourself that there was in you just the faintest trace of a response to the terrible frankness of that noise, a dim suspicion of there being a meaning in it which you—you so remote from the night of first ages—could comprehend. And why not?” (32)

This is important because it shows how Marlow views the natives as a primitive version of himself.



|| =**__3rd 9 weeks novels:__**= Hedda was very cruel to Mrs. Elvsted in their childhood days. Mrs. Elvsted is in an unhappy marriage, and her children are tutored by Eilert Loevborg. Hedda finds out Mrs. Elvsted has fallen in love with Loevborg. He has recently written a impressive history book that is going to be published, and may possibly replace her husband’s upcoming novel. Hedda is jealous of Mrs. Elvsted because before her marriage, Hedda had had a relationship with Loevborg that had ended badly. Loevborg attends a party with Tesman and Judge Brack, where he gets very drunk and reads some of his book to the men present at the party. Tesman loses the only copy of my book after he passes out. Tesman finds it and gives it to Hedda for safe keeping.
 * * **Significance of title** || ===== The title // Heart of Darkness // symbolizes how even the hearts of intelligent men like Kurtz can be muddled when away from symbolization for too long, and thus, "dark". ===== ||
 * * **Student name** || Kaitlyn Mangus ||
 * * **Novel title**
 * **Author** || Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen ||
 * * **Author background** || Henrik Ibsen was born on March 20th, 1828 in Norway. His family was in poverty and by the time he was sixteen years of age, Ibsen was working as an apothecary apprentice, living in isolation, cutting of all communication with his family. In 1850, he enrolled at a university in Oslo, but did not succeed. A year later he became a playwright and assistant stage manager in a new theater in Bergen. There, Henrik Ibsen wrote mainly short romantic and historical plays. After a while of experimentation with these types of plays, he wrote a series of plays, drawing attention to the problems in society. At this point, Ibsen’s plays became successes. Ibsen retired at a young age. In 1900, he had a stroke that caused in to be an invalid the last few years of his life. Henrik Ibsen died on May 23, 1906. ||
 * * **Genre**
 * **Evidence of genre characteristics** || This novel is realistic fiction. This type of fiction involves scenarios that have not actually happened, but are practical and seem real. ||
 * * **Historical context - influence on theme** || This novel was written in 1890. At the time, Norway was affected by the Feminist Movement of the Victorian Era. It was difficult for middle class families to support unwed daughters. Women were expected to get married at a young age, raise children, and keep a nice, clean home. It was nearly unheard of a women having an occupation due to prejudice and lack of education. //Hedda Gabler// was influenced by the domination of women by men. This novel incorporates both the suppression by men and the liberation of women. ||
 * * **Plot summary** || Hedda Gabler returns home from her honeymoon with her husband Tesman, who is a historical writer. She is unhappy with the way her life is turning out. It is hinted at multiple times that she is pregnant. She does not enjoy the company of her husband, his aunt, or the maid, and dislikes her home. Hedda is used to the lavish lifestyle she lived with her parents previous to her marriage. Judge Brack comes to visit. They chat about another member of the community, Mrs. Thea Elvsted.

Later, Loevborg come to the Tesmans’ house to say goodbye to his friends because he must leave to find employment since his book went missing. Hedda does not mention that she has it, and instead encourages him to commit suicide. She even gives him one of her father’s loved pistols. After he leaves, Hedda throws the book into the fire. Hedda finds out that Loevborg did shoot himself, but it was by accident in a brothel. Also, Judge Brack informs Hedda that he knows it was Hedda’s gun that had killed Loevborg. Hedda, always in fear of public scrutiny, goes into the other room, and all of the people in the home hear a gunshot. The play ends when they discover that Hedda has shot herself in the temple. || Hedda- She is married to George Tesman. Hedda is unhappy with how her life is turning out because, although Tesman has many prospects, her life is not nearly as luxurious as it were when she lived with her parents. Hedda is a manipulating woman and is not kind at all to anyone. She is well known for being beautiful, but very narcissistic. She fears the scrutiny of society.
 * * **Point of view - effects, limitations, and advantages** || The point of view of this novel is third person objective throughout the entire novel. This point of view is also called dramatic point of view. Through this point of view, the author chooses to only share the actions of what is occurring and not the thoughts or feelings of the characters. The advantages to this point of view are it allows the reader to create his own opinions on the characters, and it keeps the story moving. This novel takes place in the past, but is presented in the present because it is a drama. ||
 * * **Character lists and descriptions** || George Tesman- He is Hedda’s husband. He is a young and scholarly man. His mind is constantly occupied with thoughts of his historical novel. George tries very hard to please his wife, but is unaware that she does not care for him at all.

Miss Juliana Tesman- She is often called Aunt Juju by George. Miss Tesman is George’s aunt and she raised him. She also cares for George’s other aunt, Rena, who is very sick. She is constantly hinting that George and Hedda should have a baby. She and Hedda do not get along because they have very different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Mrs. Thea Elvsted- She is a quiet woman. She is in an unhappy marriage, and her children are tutored by Eilert Loevborg. Mrs. Elvsted has fallen in love with Loevborg and has helped him write his history novel.

Eilert Loevborg- He has returned to the city to publish a history book that has been very popular to the locals. He was once and outcast with a drinking problem. He is in a relationship with Mrs. Evsted and has previously had a relationship with Hedda that had ended badly. Loevborg is George Tesman’s biggest competition.

//All of the characters above are round characters.// The most significant minor character is Judge Brack. He is a friend of both Hedda and George. He visits the Tesman house often, and informs George and Hedda regularly about the gossip that he hears around the city. He enjoys meddling in other people’s business, and makes a few sexual advances toward Hedda. If it were not for this character’s gossip habit, Hedda would not have found out about the relationship between Loevborg and Thea, and she would not have gotten jealous enough to push Loeveborg toward suicide. The conversation Hedda has with Judge Brack is the ultimate reason she commits suicide. He informs her that he knows it was her gun that had killed Loeveborg and threatens to tell everyone in the community unless she begins a sexual relationship with him. Judge Brack is the driving force in this novel.

**Dynamic Characters:**

The most dynamic character in the novel is Hedda Gabler. In the beginning of the novel, Hedda is able to hide her feelings well. She is bored of her life with Tesman, and she is jealous of the relationship Loevborg and Thea share. She keeps this a secret to everyone except her good friend, Judge Brack. Slowly throughout the novel, the readers can see Hedda’s emotional barrier breaking down. She starts to have angry bursts and seems upset often. Hedda’s turning point occurs on the last page of the novel and is presented to the readers when Tesman screams to Brack, “She’s shot herself! Shot herself in the head!” (Ibsen 1281). Hedda loses control of her emotions, which she used to hide so well, right before her death and kills herself. This is a late, but dynamic, moment. ||
 * * **Setting**
 * (location, time, political/social climate, explain why setting is important)** || Location: The fashionable side of Christiana, Norway

Time Period: The time period of the work is unknown- possibly the 1890’s because this was the time period in which the play was written.

Political/Social Climate: At the time, Norway was affected by the Feminist Movement of the Victorian Era. It was nearly unheard of a women having an occupation due to prejudice and lack of education

Atmosphere created by the setting: The atmosphere is created by the setting is uneasy due to the lies and deceiving that occurs.

Importance of the setting: The play is revolved around the suppression of women, which was of high importance in this setting. || Closing: Hedda shoots herself and everyone runs to see her. The play ends. || ~ “[Hedda] sits down with the package in her lap. After a moment, she opens the door of the stove; then she opens the packet. Throws one of the pages into the stove…” (Ibsen 1270).
 * * **Opening scene**
 * **Closing scene** || Opening: Miss Tesman is setting up flowers in the Tesman house with her maid, awaiting for Hedda and George’s arrival from their extended honeymoon.
 * * **Symbolism - provide a quote for each** || Fire- Hedda is repeatedly around fire. She’s commonly seen by the stove. She also burns Loevborg’s book. This is symbolism because the fire she is constantly around preludes to her suicide; the gun fires a bullet.

Wreath of vine leaves- Multiple times Hedda pictures Loevborg reading poetry, wear a wreath of vine leaves on his head. This is a symbol because it alludes to the Greek God, Dionysus. Dionysus was known for throwing parties, involving a large amount of alcohol and orgies. Loevborg also has an alcohol problem.

~ “Eilert Loevborg will come. With a crown of vine leaves in his hair!” (Ibsen 1260)

Gun collection- During the Victorian Era, the use of guns was rather masculine. Hedda treasures the guns her father has left to her. They symbolize the feminism that occurs in the work because only men typically owned guns during this time period.

~ “Hedda: I still have one thing left to amuse myself with. My pistols, George darling” (Ibsen 1243). || Secondary Themes: -The appearance of a person does not define him/her.
 * * **Theme** || Central Theme: Women do not have to be restricted by men.

The author is trying to tell the readers that human nature and the world around us is full of discriminations against a multitude of stereotypes. These discriminations should not define how a person must live their life. There are ways to escape them. ||
 * * **Tone**
 * **Style** || The tone of this novel is uneasy and tense throughout the entire novel.

Style: Much of the dialogue in the play is short, witty exchanges. This could be due to the translation or the writing style of Ibsen. For example, the following conversation between Thea and Hedda is worded very sharply.

“Hedda: Your children? Mrs. Elvsted: My husband’s. I have none. Hedda: Oh, you mean your step children. Mrs. Elvsted: Yes” (Ibsen 1250).

This style adds to the uneasiness in the atmosphere during the whole work. Also, the work is characterized by a multitude of opposites. For example, a baby (birth) and death is conversed about multiple times. It creates a circular style, meaning the work goes through the life-cycle full circle. ||
 * * **Conflicts** || There are many conflicts in this novel. Many of the conflicts are verbal arguments. Also there are internal conflicts. The main internal conflict is inside of Hedda. She has a conflict over whether to become a stereotypical woman or stay true to herself. ||
 * * ** Literary Devices **
 * ([]) || The work is characterized by a multitude of opposites. For example, a baby (birth) and death is conversed about multiple times. It creates a circular style, meaning the work goes through the life-cycle full circle.

Also, The author also uses symbols and motifs to represent to the readers the themes of the novel. The themes are also used to keep the plot moving in the right direction. || -Hedda says this to George when they’re discussing Aunt Juju. Hedda had previously mistaken the hat as belonging to the maid. This had hurt Aunt Juju’s feelings because she recently had bought the hat so that Hedda wouldn’t be embarrassed of her when they went into town together.
 * * **Literary elements used**
 * ([]) || Henrik Ibsen uses the plot, theme, tone, similies, metaphors, and imagery to establish his novel as a classic. His use of these literary devices establishes a vivid and descriptive novel to his readers. ||
 * * **Important quotes** || “Hedda: But what a thing to do, throw her hat down in someone’s drawing room. People don’t do such things” (Ibsen 1233).

-Significance of the quote: This quote is important because it reflects the attitude Hedda has. First, she has grown up extremely privileged and is embarrassed of Aunt Juju’s actions. Also, it displays Hedda’s fear of public scrutiny. She doesn’t want other people to think that her home is a place where one can just throw their hat down.

“Hedda: Ugh- all the rooms smell of lavender and dried roses… It’s got the odor of death about it” (Ibsen 1249).

-Hedda says this to Judge Brack after he mentions all of the decoration with flowers that Miss Tesman has done to the house. Miss Tesman brings all of the flowers to congratulate Hedda and Tesman after their honeymoon.

- Significance of the quote: This quote is important because it shows how unthankful Hedda is. It develops Hedda’s character as a pessimist. Also, it foreshadows future events resulting in death, such as the death of Loevborg and Hedda’s own suicide. Her death occurs in one of the rooms she claims to have smelled like death.

“Loevborg: Why didn’t you shoot me dead? As you threatened to?

Hedda: I was afraid. Of the scandal” (Ibsen 1255).

-Hedda and Loevborg are discussing their previous relationship in private. Hedda had ended it and when he left, she tried to shoot him with one of her father’s pistols.

- Significance of the quote: Once again, Hedda’s fear of public scrutiny is displayed. She not only fear the scrutiny from possibly shooting Loevborg, but also for other knowing she carried on a relationship with him when he was known throughout the town for being an alcoholic. Also, this quote shows that Hedda does not have any fear of using her father’s collection of guns.

“Hedda: Rubbish! First you’re going to have some tea, you little idiot. And then- at ten o’clock – Eilert Loevborg will come” (Ibsen 1260).

-Mrs. Elvsted wants to go home after Hedda motivates the men to go to the party. It’s part of Hedda’s plan to ruin the lives of Loevborg and Thea. Hedda starts to yell at Mrs. Elvsted for the first time in the work.

-Significance of the quote: This quote exposes the true identity of Hedda. Her goal throughout the work is to control someone’s life. This is because she is out of control of her own life due to her gender. In this quote, she is controlling Thea. Also, this is the first time Hedda loses control of her emotions. Usually she keeps a calm composure and does not directly insult a person, but this is the one moment she yells and is straightforwardly rude to someone.

“Hedda: Nevertheless, I’m in your power. Dependent on your will, and your demands. Not free. Still not free! [Rises passionately.] No. I couldn’t bear that. No” (Ibsen 1279).

-Hedda loans her gun to Loevborg to commit suicide. This quote occurs right after Judge Brack tells Hedda he knows it is her gun that had shot Loevborg. He tells her that he will not abuse the power he has over her, but he does wish to have a sexual relationship with her. Right after this is said, she goes into the other room and shoots herself in the head.

-Significance of the quote: This quote is important because it shows that Hedda’s plan was not successful. Through the whole novel, the only thing she wants is to have control over some part of her life, or even over someone else’s life. As a female, she had to get married by a certain age and she is required to be a housewife, or else society would view her badly. Hedda rather not live at all than to be controlled by another being, so she kills herself after making this realization. ||
 * * **Significance of title** || The title, //Hedda Gabler//, is significant because it reflects that Hedda relates to being her father’s daughter, rather than her husband’s wife. Gabler is Hedda’s maiden name, and her father was the powerful General Gabler. Hedda formed her personality during her rich and luxurious lifestyle she had at home with her parents. Miss Tesman tells the maid, “General Gabler’s daughter! Think of what she was accustomed to when the General was alive” (Ibsen 1227). Her life with George Tesman, her husband is much different. Even the maid says, “I never dreamed I’d live to see a match between her and Master George” (Ibsen 1227). Although George Tesman is not poor, Hedda feels he and his family are beneath her. She does not identify with her husband and misses her former life and identity as Hedda Gabler. ||
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